MANAGING AND PREVENTING STROKES AT SEA Published: 14 October 2025 What is a stroke? A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. Strokes are a medical emergency and require immediate attention. There are two main types of stroke: Ischaemic stroke : Caused by a blockage (e.g. blood clot) in an artery supplying the brain. Haemorrhagic stroke : Caused by a blood vessel in the brain bursting. A third, less severe type is a  Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)  or “mini-stroke,” where symptoms are temporary but still a warning sign of future strokes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), strokes are the  second leading cause of death globally , responsible for approximately  6.5 million deaths annually [1]  and a major cause of long-term disability. Why is being able to recognise strokes important for seafarers? In a remote environment with limited access to immediate medical support, a stroke at sea can be life-threatening and disabling, especially if not recognised and treated quickly. Everyone onboard has a key role in maintaining their own health, as well as looking out for those around them.   How to spot a stroke: Think FAST Recognising the signs of a stroke early can save lives and reduce long-term damage. Use the  FAST  acronym: F – Face drooping : Ask the person to smile. Is one side of the face drooping? A – Arm weakness : Ask them to raise both arms and keep them there. Does one arm drift downward? S – Speech difficulty : Is speech slurred or strange and can they understand what you say? T – Time to call : Call for emergency medical help immediately. Other symptoms may include sudden: Numbness or weakness in the leg, arm, or face (especially on one side) Confusion or trouble understanding speech Trouble seeing in one or both eyes Trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of bala