During a recent CN Talks interview with Antonia Saratsopoulou, Managing Editor of Container News, Vlassis Papapanagis, CCO of Tototheo Global, discussed how increasing vessel connectivity, digitalisation and evolving cyber threats are reshaping risk management across the maritime industry. From GPS spoofing and data integrity to cyber resilience and operational continuity, Papapanagis argued that shipping must move beyond traditional cybersecurity models and adopt a more holistic approach that combines technology, processes and people. Cybersecurity is no longer just an IT issue The maritime industry has embraced digital technologies at an unprecedented pace. Satellite communications, cloud platforms, IoT devices, advanced analytics and increasingly connected vessels are transforming how ships operate. According to Papapanagis, these technologies are delivering significant benefits in efficiency, safety, sustainability and regulatory compliance. At the same time, however, they are creating new cyber risks that extend far beyond traditional IT systems. Historically, vessels operated in relatively isolated environments. Today, ships have become highly connected ecosystems where operational technology (OT), information technology (IT), navigation systems and communications infrastructure are closely interconnected. As a result, cyber incidents can affect vessel operations, navigation, cargo handling and business continuity, making cybersecurity a broader operational concern rather than a purely technical one. The industry is moving towards a more holistic approach Papapanagis noted that shipping companies have made considerable progress in securing their IT environments. However, operational technology and vessel systems have not always received the same level of attention. That is gradually changing. Growing awareness, combined with regulatory requirements and increasing connectivity, is encouraging shipowners and operators to view cybersecurity through a wider operat