Introduction The European Union, United Kingdom and United States have adopted sanctions as a central part of their response to the Russia's invasion in Ukraine followed by many other countries. Members and assureds with vessels calling at ports in Russia or engaging in trade with Russian cargo should ensure that no sanctioned individuals, entities or activities are involved. The lists of parties sanctioned by the EU, UK and US have been steadily expanding and it is essential to check the latest lists (see Links section). The US authorities adopt the approach that designations extend to any entity owned 50% or more, directly or indirectly, individually or in the aggregate by designated persons. EU Regulations apply to funds and resources "owned or controlled by" listed persons and prohibit making funds available to such persons "directly or indirectly". In addition, sectoral sanctions have been introduced targeting -inter alia - the energy sector with restrictions affecting the supply of certain services relating to oil exploration and production. In view of the increasingly tense political climate, it is likely that sanctions will continue to be extended and the situation remains fluid. Insurance cover The Association's Rules contain a standard exclusion for liability for liabilities, costs or expenses where payment by the Association or the provision of cover may expose the Association to the risk of being subject to a sanction, prohibition or any adverse action (Rule 30.4.6). Liability is also excluded when there is a shortfall due to an inability to recover reinsurance or pool contributions from other insurers or P&I Clubs which are themselves unable to pay due to sanctions legislation (Rule 32.6). The Association is also able to terminate cover where a Member has exposed or may expose the Association to the risk of being or becoming subject to a sanction, prohibition, restriction or other adverse action by a state or international organisation or competent