Ted Pagel Introduction The quality of bunkers is very important for a ship to ensure safe operation of the main engine, and to comply with MARPOL Annex VI on stricter sulphur content regulations. Bad bunkers are detrimental to engines, and can cause disputes between owner and charterers. It can also lead to Port State Control detentions and huge fines by Authorities. Disputes as to the quality of bunkers will arise between owners and charterers particularly under time charters. Bunker suppliers and intermediaries (e.g. such as bunker brokers) may also be involved. Claims for off-spec bunkers can be complicated and can give rise to significant legal liabilities involving damage to the engines, as well as claims for loss of use of the vessel while it is being repaired. Off-spec bunker claims also invariably require instructing experts and lawyers, resulting in significant costs being incurred. The bunker samples provide vital evidence to support claims against suppliers and to provide protection when facing Port State Control. It is important for the master to retain the bunker samples onboard to determine the quality specification and to demonstrate compliance with Annex VI bunker sulphur limits. Standard and requirement MARPOL Annex VI requires representative bunker samples to be taken and retained on board. Resolution MEPC.182(59) "2009 Guidelines for the sampling of fuel oil for determination of compliance with the revised MARPOL Annex VI" provide the details of the sampling, storage and documentation requirements. Retained sample storage The retained sample should be kept in a safe storage location, outside the ship's accommodation, where personnel would not be exposed to vapours which may be released from the sample. Care should be exercised when entering a sample storage location. The retained sample should be stored in a sheltered location where it will not be subject to elevated temperatures, preferably at a cool/ambient temperature, and where it will not be