As the maritime industry braces itself to decarbonize, concerns over carbon emissions escalate, thus intensifying the quest for alternate sources of energy. Amidst this, an array of alternative energy sources are emerging and promise to redefine the future of maritime. This article examines viable green fuel options for the marine sector, breaking them into three main categories: infrastructure, safety, and availability. Biofuel Biofuels have taken centre stage in the maritime industry’s shift towards sustainable fuel alternatives. Derived from organic materials, these fuels are gaining prominence due to their increasing availability across diverse geographic locations. Utilizing local biomass, agricultural by-products, and even municipal waste, biofuels present a promising avenue for reducing carbon emissions in marine shipping (“Biofuels for Marine Shipping,” U.S. Department of Energy). One of the key advantages of biofuels lies in their compatibility with existing distribution networks, requiring minimal adaptations for bunkering infrastructure. This means that the transition to biofuels can be relatively seamless, offering a sense of relief to crew members who can easily monitor engine parameters without the need for significant adjustments or additional health risks. Furthermore, extensive testing of biofuel blends on various engine types has demonstrated their efficacy without necessitating modifications to onboard fuel refining plants. This not only underscores the versatility of biofuels but also instils confidence in their viability as a sustainable fuel option for the maritime sector. Methanol Methanol, a tried and tested fuel in various transportation sectors, emerges as a formidable contender in the maritime industry’s quest for sustainable alternatives. Numerous leading shipping companies have made strides by announcing the integration of methanol as an alternative fuel for their newly constructed vessels. However, the viability of methanol hinges upon the adoption of renewable production pathways. One of methanol’s standout features is its widespread availability, owing to its utilization across diverse industrial processes. This versatility positions methanol as a flexible solution for reducing carbon footprints, as it can be sourced from natural gas or renewable resources such as biomass, carbon dioxide, and renewable power. Major methanol production plants in regions like the Middle East, the U.S., and China bolster its global capacity, with industry leaders like Methanex ensuring a reliable supply chain for maritime applications. Despite its advantages, methanol poses safety hazards that demand meticulous attention. Its hazardous nature necessitates careful handling to mitigate risks of inhalation or skin absorption. Moreover, methanol’s nearly invisible flame during combustion presents challenges for fire detection, emphasizing the need for advanced suppression equipment and specialized training for shipping firms. To address these concerns, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) provides guidelines for the safe management of methanol in maritime contexts. Compared to alternative fuels like LNG or hydrogen, methanol offers distinct advantages in terms of infrastructure requirements. Minor adjustments suffice to accommodate its characteristics, including corrosion resistance and containment systems for toxicity, leveraging existing liquid fuel bunkering infrastructure. Notably, ports like Rotterdam and Antwerp s