傳閱通告 26 November 2018 西元2018年 11月 26 日 Iranian trade after 4 November 2018 西元2018年 11月 4 日後的涉及伊朗貿易 Our 29 May 2018 Circular ‘US sanctions against Iran’ outlined the potential repercussions for shipowners and insurers arising from the US Administration’s decision to withdraw from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Agreement signed by China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union (EU) and Iran. 本協會在西元2018年5月29日的通告“美國對伊朗的製裁”中概述了美國政府決定退出由中華人民 共和國，法國，德國，俄羅斯，英國，美國，歐盟(EU)和伊朗所簽署的聯合全面行動計劃 （JCPOA）協議後會對船東和保險公司可能造成的影響。 The US has now re-imposed sanctions on Iran that had been lifted or waived under the JCPOA, with the second and final wind down period coming to an end on 4 November 2018. The US has made it clear that it expects all non-US persons to comply with the secondary sanctions that it has re-imposed. The US and the EU now take divergent approaches, with the EU seeking to maintain the sanctions relief provided for by the JCPOA by, amongst other things, amending the annex to Council Regulation (EC) No 2271/96, otherwise known as the Blocking Regulation (see further Circular issued 8 August 2018 ). 在第二次也是最後一次過渡期於西元2018年11月4日結束後，美國現在對於在JCPOA下曾 被解 除或放棄的對伊朗制裁措施，重新啟 動制裁。美國已經明確表示希望所有非美國人遵守其重啟 實施的二級制裁。美國和歐盟現在採取不同的做法，歐盟尋求的是維持JCPOA所規定的制裁， 其中包括修改歐盟規則(EC)第 2271/96號的附件，又稱為阻隔法規（詳情請見 西元2018年8月8 日發出的通告）。 There are reports that eight countries - China, India, Italy, Greece, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Turkey - have or will be granted waivers from the US so that they may continue to be permitted to import limited amounts of Iranian crude oil. The waivers do not extend to any other commodities. Limited guidance in relation to these waivers, or Significant Reduction Exemptions (“SREs”), is provided by OFAC FAQ 642. It is further understood that countries holding SREs are being advised by the US Administration to import Iranian crude only on NITC or IRISL vessels, or on vessels registered in the country holding the SRE and only where those vessels are insured under a sovereign guarantee issued by the Government holding the SRE. 根據報導共有中國，印度，意大利，希臘，日本，韓國，台灣和土耳其等八個國家已經或將要 獲得美國的豁免而被允許繼續進口伊朗原油但貨載量有設限 。該 豁免不適用於任何其他商品。 美國海外資產控制辦公室( OFAC)所公布的 “常見問題解答”中第642條提供了有關這些豁免或重 大減少豁免（“SREs”）的有限度指導。另據了解， 美國政府建議持有SREs的國家在進口伊朗 原油時僅得以伊朗國家油輪公司(NITC)或伊朗國家航運公司(IRISL)的船舶或 是船籍國為持有 SRE之國家的船舶做為運油船，而且這些船舶必須是由持有SRE的國家政府簽發的主權擔保予 以承保的船舶。 Following the end of the wind down period there may still be some limited trade with Iran that is possible for non- US persons to undertake without a significant risk of violating US secondary sanctions (for example, the carriage of certain agricultural commodities, consumer goods and foodstuffs, see OFAC FAQ 637). Members should be aware, however, that even if the trade does not appear to violate US sanctions, practical difficulties mean that, in non-sovereign guarantee cases, it is extremely unlikely that International Group Clubs will be in a position to make or receive payments, provide security or respond to any claims in the usual manner. 在過渡期結束後，非美國人仍可能與伊朗進行有限度的貿易而不至於面臨到違反美國二級制裁 規定的重大風險（這些有限度的貿易例如運送若干農產品、消費品和食品，請見OFAC常見問 題解答第637條）。但是，請各位會員注意，縱使這些貿易行為看似未違反美國的制裁規定， 實務運用上的困難點在於，若是非主權擔保的情況，國際保賠協會集團很可能無法支付或接受 付款，或以通常的方式提供擔保或回應任何索賠。 In circumstances where a Club does cover a claim with an Iranian nexus, there is also the potential for there to be significant reinsurance shortfalls. For the 2018/19 policy year, individual International Group (IG) Clubs retain the first USD10 million of liabilities aris