THE BRITANNIA GROUP WHITE PAPER CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT OF DROUGHTS AND FLOODING ON SHIPPING RISKS 2 | THE BRITANNIA GROUP | WHITE PAPER CLIMATE CHANGE: DROUGHTS AND FLOODING CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SHIPPING 3 FLOODING AND DROUGHT 4 PREDPREDICTING THE FUTURE IMPACT ON SHIPPING AND ICTING THE FUTURE IMPACT ON SHIPPING AND FORMULATING RESPONSESFORMULATING RESPONSES 5 OPERATIONAL IMPACT ON INLAND WATERWAYS, CANALS AND CONNECTED SEAPORTS 6 CLIMATE CHANGE AND CARGO CLAIMS 8 EFFECT ON RISK EXPOSURE 9 MANAGING THE RISK AND ADAPTATION TO CHANGE 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 CLIMATE CHANGE: DROUGHTS AND FLOODING OUR PARTNER FOR THE ISSUE Triglav Maritime provides bespoke, comprehensive consultancy services focusing on risk management, loss prevention, as well as marine vetting and assurance matters. The founder, Capt. Ostrowicki has 34 years of combined command and shore-based experience. He has sailed on bulk carriers, general cargo and container ships. His shore-based experience includes ship operations and marine vetting of dry cargo ships, tankers and gas carriers, as an operations manager, marine vetting director and loss prevention manager. Capt. Ostrowicki provides expert advice on risk management and safety management processes. In addition to marine incident and claim investigations, he performs management reviews, ISM and TMSA audits and in-depth risk assessments through data analysis. He has also authored several publications. 3 | THE BRITANNIA GROUP | WHITE PAPER CLIMATE CHANGE: DROUGHTS AND FLOODING SHIPPING IS AN INDUSTRY SENSITIVE TO DISRUPTION RESULTING FROM CLIMATE CHANGE, BOTH DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY. 3 INTRODUCTION THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SHIPPING IS EVOLVING, AS MANY OF THE RESULTING EVENTS HAVE NO RECORDED PRECEDENT ON A GLOBAL SCALE. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SHIPPING There are several climate-related hazards which can pose considerable risks to the shipping and port industries (both direct and indirect) including: • Change in patterns and intensity of severe weather events, e.g. tropical storms • Inland flooding • Drought • Extreme heat events • Rising sea level. Shipping and related industries are dependent on weather and hydrological phenomena patterns, developed over decades, or even centuries. These patterns include typical tracks of low pressure systems and tropical storms, seasonal winds and rainfall, high/low river seasons and the associated current conditions, coastal erosion and inundation, etc. A disruption of these patterns, such as unusually intensive storm systems around Newfoundland resulting in suspensions of ferry services, unavoidably affected the local population through supply chain delays and goods shortages². Although very significant in local scale, the disruption globally is likely to be far more extensive. The report “Act Now or Pay Later: The Costs of Climate Inaction for Ports and Shipping” published by Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)³ provides a comprehensive review of the impact of climate change on the shipping and port industries, as well as an estimate of its economic effects if no actions are taken to reduce emissions. Ports, terminals, canals, and other maritime infrastructure may be vulnerable to some of the consequences of climate change, such as the increase in the frequency and intensity of storms, winds and floods. Drought can also have a severe impact on shipping, as noted during recent high-profile challenges in the Panama Canal. Althoug